VCB BREAKERS
VCB stands for Vacuum Circuit Breaker. In vacuum circuit breakers, the vacuum is used as the arc quenching medium.Vacuum Circuit Breaker ZN28A 12 773
Vacuum offers the highest insulating strength. So it has far superior arc quenching properties than any other medium (oil in oil CB, SF6 in SF6 circuit breaker).
For example, when contacts of a breaker are opened in the vacuum, the interruption occurs at first current zero with dielectric strength between the contacts building up at a rate thousands of times higher than that obtained with other types of circuit breakers.
The degree of vacuum is in the range from 10^-7 to 10^-5 torr.
The technology is suitable for mainly medium voltage switchgear application. For higher voltage vacuum technology has been developed but not commercially viable.
The production of arc in a vacuum circuit breaker and its extinction can be explained as follows :
When the contacts of the breaker are opened in the vacuum (10^-7 to 10^-5 torr), an arc is produced between the contacts by the ionization of metal vapors of contacts.Capture1
However, the arc is quickly extinguished because the metallic vapors, electrons, and ions produced during arc rapidly condense on the surfaces of the circuit breaker contacts, resulting in a quick recovery of dielectric strength.
The salient feature of vacuum as an arc quenching medium is that as soon as the arc is produced in the vacuum, it is quickly extinguished due to the fast rate of recovery of dielectric strength in the vacuum.
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